For me the stripes are still there. (Using resolution scale of 1.76 on AMD GPU + Open source driver.)

Apparently the problem I'm facing is different.
I cannot reproduce what is observed in the image.

@Jeroen Bakker (jbakker), using your attached file and after generating the image, could you copy and run this script in the text editor?:

It generates the same image but through a "draw_callback".

Check if the problem is also seen in the draw_callback image.
At the end, could you also test with the variable USE_BUILTIN_SHADER as True?

The internal shader had the similar results, exect the image was scaled and displayed on a different location due to how the image editor vertex shader works with the actual geometry send to the gpu.

There is a similar issue with the Render View.. When displaying a render at 1:1, panning the Render reveals artifacts.

It's curious that after panning, a 1:1 scale image shows up with these artifacts.
As the scale 1:1 each pixel is well defined, it is the same pixel of the image.
Should filter really be necessary in this case?
I imagine this must be the result of some float imprecision. The calculated pixel position must be on the border between 2 pixels and the code does not know whether to place it on the right or left, top or bottom.

Maybe there is some way to round the position of the image vertices. I suppose this would solve the 1:1 scale problem and the problem that @Jeroen Bakker (jbakker) noticed.
Need tests...