This brings the following error upon Object > Quick effects > quick liquid.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/me/blender-build/build/bin/Debug/Blender.app/Contents/Resources/2.83/scripts/startup/bl_operators/object_quick_effects.py", line 527, in execute
    obj.modifiers[-1].domain_settings.cache_type = 'REPLAY'
AttributeError: 'ParticleSystemModifier' object has no attribute 'domain_settings'

location: <unknown location>:-1

Also, for smoke, maybe my machine is too lame to render it fast enough, it is not quick.

I will investigate the context issue we could also reduce the domain resolution which could speed up results. We could also make both these changes to the defaults instead of only affecting quick settings

All in all I agree, there should be immediate results when using a quick effect! As you mentioned, the patch could also include a smaller domain resolution. Feel free to add this to the patch.

I would like to improve the "Replay" itself a bit more before making it the default (e.g. when changing a parameter of the mesh, only the mesh cache should get deleted). Once that's implemented we can merge this patch!

@Sebastián Barschkis (sebbas), shouldn't this be the default cache type always, not just for quick effects?

@Brecht Van Lommel (brecht) Yes, that would probably make most sense.
@Aaron Carlisle (Blendify) from my side, you could add this change to the diff. Or just land it as is and we can adjust it afterwards.