System Information
OS: Windows 7 (64 Bit)
CPU: Intel i5-2500 3.30GHz
GFX: nVidea GeForce GTX 650 Ti
RAM: 8 GB

Confirmed on Ubuntu 64bit Geforece 580 GTX

Blender Version
Broken:
Blender 2.77 (2016-03-18 12:34 / Hash: 22a2853)
Blender 2.77a official

Exact steps for others to reproduce the error

Blender application closes immediately after the following procedure:

Create Plane
Enter "Edit Mode"
Delete "Only Faces"
Enter "Object Mode"
"Add Modifier" "Array" (Count: 2; Relative Offset: 1)
Add new Particle System
Switch Type "Emitter" to "Hair"
Blender-Task closes

Got this report by e-mail and confirmed it on my machine with 2.77a