Operating system: Windows 10 Home 1809
Graphics card: Intel UHD 630
Broken: version: 2.80 (sub 75), branch: master, commit date: 2019-07-29 14:47, hash: f6cb5f54494e
when you first open the blender, the default cube somehow gives wrong vertex data information if you transfer a shape key to another newly created cube.
Exact steps for others to reproduce the error
open blender,
give the default cube a shape key,
create a new cube,
first select the default cube, then press shift and select the second cube.
In "Object data" section, in the area of "Shape keys" execute the "Transfer Shape key" command.
check the second cube's newly created named "key1" shape key.
You'll see shape key is not the same as Default Cube's shape key.
Note: this only occurs between the default cube - new created cube situation, between default cube - default cube or between new created cube - new created cube there is no problem
Based on the default startup or an attached .blend file (as simple as possible).
https://www.dropbox.com/s/ukyfuse0o64glwo/transfer_shape_key.blend?dl=0
video (with a relatively more complex shape key) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gbyh_c9pmQg