Thanks for the report. I can reproduce the crash with your file, but not if I reproduce the same set of node myself.

The problem seems to be with the recursive instancing, it keeps on creating sets of points. Interestingly it eats up all 32 GB of memory I have before hitting a stack overflow though.

Aha, this is a trick file!

The cube isn't actually a Mesh, it's the same object with more instancing on it. It's not actually an infinite loop, it's 40^8 (8 is the maximum instancing recursion) or about 6.5 billion instances that it's trying to make.

Something like this ought to solve the problem:

if (object != ctx->object) {
  make_recursive_duplis(ctx, object, matrix, i);
}

But the instances aren't actually showing up for me in this scene right now, not sure why. So I didn't properly test this yet.

My operation system is closing all programs after several seconds of processing this tree.