System Information
Operating system: Windows 10
Graphics card: GTX 1650

Blender Version

Broken:
3.0.0 Beta, fcf1ba18f0c4, master, 2021-10-29
3.1.0 Alpha, d5920744f442, master, 2021-12-03

Worked: 2.93
Short description of error
Object attribute from the Attribute Node in the Shader editor not updating correctly in Cycles GPU Compute
In EEVEE and Cycles CPU, it is working as expected

Exact steps for others to reproduce the error
Based on the default startup or an attached .blend file (as simple as possible).

1. Select the Cube, and open the Shader editor
2. Add an Attribute Node, set Type to Object, and type an Object attribute name (in this example, we use scale, other attributes also don't work, eg. 'color', rotation_euler)
3. Connect the output of the Attribute Node to the Material Output
4. Switch to Rendered mode, Render Engine to Cycles, and Device to GPU Compute
5. Finally, Scale the Cube (or change something else depending on what attribute you typed in)

Note: Cycles Render Devices must be set to CUDA or OPTIX
It only updates after switching from another renderer and back, or from another render mode back to Rendered mode or going in and out of editmode
Switch to Cycles CPU, or EEVEE to see it working