Changeset View
Changeset View
Standalone View
Standalone View
manual/modeling/modifiers/deform/simple_deform.rst
| Context not available. | |||||
| ********************** | ********************** | ||||
| The *Simple Deform* modifier allows easy application of a simple deformation to | The *Simple Deform* modifier allows easy application of a simple deformation to | ||||
| an object (meshes, lattices, curves, surfaces and texts are supported). | an object. Meshes, lattices, curves, surfaces and texts are supported objects. | ||||
| The deformation is a either a rotation (Twist, Bend) or a scaling (Taper, Stretch). | |||||
| The amount of deformation is specified by the Deform Angle (rotation) or Deform Factor (scaling). | |||||
| Using another object, it is possible to define the axis and origin of the deformation, | .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_intro.png | ||||
| allowing application of very different effects. | |||||
| The Simple Deform modifier. | |||||
| The deformation is calculated in the *local* coordinate space. | |||||
| Be aware that the local axes of an object can differ from the global ones. | |||||
| In the figure above, the global Z axis points up and the local Z axis points at 45°. | |||||
| The deformation is applied along a Deform axis, which can be set by selection from a list (X, Y or Z). | |||||
| By using the Limits field, the influence of the modifier can be restricted to a subset of the Deform axis. | |||||
| All distances are measured from the origin of the object. | |||||
| The vertices that are furthest away from the origin on the Deform | |||||
| axis represent the upper and lower limits. | |||||
| The origin of the object and the orientation of the local axes | |||||
| can be redefined by an external Deform Object (most of the time, an Empty). | |||||
| Options | Options | ||||
| ======= | ======= | ||||
| .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_panel.png | |||||
| :align: right | |||||
| The Simple Deform modifier. | |||||
| Mode | Mode | ||||
| Defines the kind of deformation which will be applied. | Defines the kind of deformation which will be applied. | ||||
| The figure below shows the 4 modes, applied to a Text object. | |||||
| The origin of the object is at the very left of the text. | |||||
| .. list-table:: :widths: 25 25 25 25 | |||||
| * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_twist.png | |||||
| Twist around X axis (180°). | |||||
| - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_bend.png | |||||
| Bend around Z axis (180°). | |||||
| * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_taper.png | |||||
| Taper along X axis (factor = 2). | |||||
| - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_stretch.png | |||||
| Stretch along X axis (factor = 0.3). | |||||
| Twist | Twist | ||||
| Rotates the mesh around the specified *Axis*. | Rotates the mesh around the specified *Axis*. | ||||
| Each vertex along the Deform axis is rotated around the object's origin. | |||||
| If the origin is inside the object, this results in a twisted appearance. | |||||
| Below the origin, there is a negative rotation. | |||||
| Above the origin, the rotation is positive or clockwise. | |||||
| Vertices in the same plane as the origin are not rotated. | |||||
| The total amount of rotation is specified by the angle | |||||
| and the rotation at each vertex is thus weighted by the distance | |||||
| of the vertex to the origin of the object. | |||||
| Vertices that are furthest away from the object origin have max rotation, | |||||
| positive or negative. | |||||
| Bend | Bend | ||||
| Bends the mesh over the specified *Axis*. | Bends the mesh over the specified *Axis*. | ||||
| The Bend mode is more complex and less intuitive. | |||||
| The picture below shows the same plane but with different Deform and Bending axes. | |||||
| .. list-table:: :widths: 25 25 25 25 | |||||
| * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_bend-1.png | |||||
| Deform axis X or Y (a). | |||||
| - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_bend-2.png | |||||
| Deform axis Z (b). | |||||
| * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_bend-3.png | |||||
| Deform axis X. Local axis Y points down (c). | |||||
| - .. figure:: /images/modeling_modifiers_deform_simple-deform_bend-4.png | |||||
| Deform axis X. Local axis Y points up (d). | |||||
| Using a mesh plane and setting the Deform axis to X or Y will not result in any deformation (fig a). | |||||
| You expect that the bending should be something like figure (c) or (d). | |||||
| In a 3D world however, selecting the X axis introduces an ambiguity because | |||||
| bending along the X axis *could* result in figure (c) or (d). | |||||
| Below is a chart describing the selected axis vs. the desired bending axis: | |||||
| +-----------------------+---------------------+ | |||||
| | Deform axis | Bending axis | | |||||
| +-----------------------+---------------------+ | |||||
| | X | Z | | |||||
| +-----------------------+---------------------+ | |||||
| | Y | Z | | |||||
| +-----------------------+---------------------+ | |||||
| | Z | X | | |||||
| +-----------------------+---------------------+ | |||||
| In fig (a), because of the Deform axis X, the Bending is along the Z. | |||||
| All vertices however have the same Z coordinate equal to the local origin. | |||||
| So, no deformation occurs. In fig (d) the local axes are rotated around the Deform axis X, | |||||
| so that the Bending axis Z points to the left. | |||||
| So, all vertices are bend for their Z coordinate. | |||||
| The further away from the local origin, the more bending. | |||||
| This explains also the unexpected result of fig (b). | |||||
| The Deform axis is set here to Z (pointing up). | |||||
| So, according to the table above, the Bending axis defaults to X. | |||||
| All vertices of the plane are bent in their X coordinate. | |||||
| The further away, the more rotation occurs. | |||||
| Negative X coordinates are rotated counterclockwise. | |||||
| Taper | Taper | ||||
| Linearly scales along the specified *Axis*. | Linearly scales along the specified *Axis*. | ||||
| The scaling factor is weighted by the distance from the origin of the object in the deform axis. | |||||
| No scaling occurs in the plane of the origin of the object. | |||||
| The maximum scaling occurs at the vertices that are furthest away from the local origin. | |||||
| This can be a positive or negative scaling, depending on the location of the origin. | |||||
| If the local origin is within the object, the deformed object appears tapered. | |||||
| Stretch | Stretch | ||||
| Stretches the object along the specified *Axis* (negative *Factor* leads to squash), | Stretches the object along the specified *Axis*. | ||||
| preserving volume by scaling inversely on the two other axes. | If the local origin is within the object, the deformed mesh | ||||
| looks stretched like pulling a rubber from both sides. | |||||
| With a positive factor, the mesh gets longer in the deformed axis, | |||||
| wider at the borders and thinner at the origin than the original mesh. | |||||
| If the factor is negative, then the mesh is squashed in the deformed axis, | |||||
| thicker at the origin and thinner at the borders. | |||||
| Vertex Group | Vertex Group | ||||
| The name of the vertex group that indicates whether and how much each vertex is influenced by the deformation. | The name of the vertex group that indicates whether | ||||
| and how much each vertex is influenced by the deformation. | |||||
| The amount of influence is determined by the weight in the Weight Paint map. | |||||
| Axis, Origin | Axis, Origin | ||||
| The name of an object that defines the origin and axis of deformation (usually an empty). This object can be: | The name of an object that defines the origin and axis of deformation (usually an empty). | ||||
| This object can be: | |||||
| - Rotated to control the axis (its local *Axis* is now used as the deformation one). | - Rotated to control the axis (its local *Axis* is now used as the deformation one). | ||||
| - Moved to control the origin of the deformation. | - Moved to control the origin of the deformation. | ||||
| - Scaled to change the deformation factor. | - Scaled to change the deformation factor. | ||||
| Angle/Factor | Angle (Twist & Bend)/Factor (Taper & Stretch) | ||||
| The amount of deformation. Can be negative to reverse the deformation. | The total amount of deformation. Can be negative to reverse the deformation. | ||||
| Limits | Limits | ||||
| These settings allow you to set the lower and upper limits of the deformation. | These settings allow you to set the lower and upper limits of the deformation. | ||||
| The upper limit cannot be lower than the lower one. | The upper limit cannot be lower than the lower one. These limits are remapped on the Deform axis. | ||||
| Lock X/Y/Z (Twist, Taper and Stretch modes only) | Lock X/Y/Z (Twist, Taper and Stretch modes only) | ||||
| These controls whether the coordinates along the two other axes are allowed to change or not. | These controls whether the coordinates along the two other axes are allowed to change or not. | ||||
| Context not available. | |||||