Confirming that this issue persists in 3.3.1 too. This is what I see in the output when rendering with a packed psd texture:
IMB_ibImageFromMemory: unknown file-format (<packed data>)
GPUTexture: Blender Texture Not Loaded!

@Clément Foucault (fclem) per chat conversation here are the changes proposed by LazyDodo that I tested and confirmed fix this issue:

@Brecht Van Lommel (brecht) I think you are on to something. When I run glew on this device, it tells me it doesn't have don't have GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters. However when I make the following change and do a new build, blender works perfectly fine:

FYI, 2.80rc3 does work with AWS Elastic Graphics also. It might be this commit that broke it: D4997

Try putting GG.glew_arb_base_instance_is_supported = false;

Another question I have is that it appears the error is a Python compile error. I assume that means that Blender is using OpenGL configuration to create some Python code and compile it. Is this the case? Is that actually where the error is? Because I can only find one instance of "gl_baseInstanceARB" anywhere in the source code for Blender.

I found this after my test, maybe this is helpful:

I tried this change with a custom build but the same error message occurred.
I wonder if there may be a possible fix by changing source/blender/draw/modes/shaders/common_view_lib.glsl lines 29-55:

I see -- it's not clear to me from the standards documents I can find that if gl_BaseInstanceARB is supplied then GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters must be supplied. I will reach out to AWS support.
In the meantime, how I can test the workaround you proposed above? Would this build from 7/27 https://builder.blender.org/download/branches/ include that change:
https://builder.blender.org/download/temp-remesh-octree/temp-remesh-octree-blender-2.91.0-4a38856327a9-windows64.zip ?
Thank you

Is this helpful? Attached are outputs from glewinfo.exe

Also other 3D programs work fine, like NetFabb.

Sorry, no, I don't have to use --force-opengl. I just have to build a Unity app to use OpenGL instead of DirectX.
OpenGL 4.3 is available and working.
Blender 2.79b fires up fine. This eeems to be a 2.8+ issue.
Any way to fix this compile issue so Blender. 2.8+ can open?

See also https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/187611/blender-wont-start-gpushader-compile-error-aws-elastic-graphics